Jan Bonsma, eminent South African geneticist, ago 60 years described the ideal cow: "functionally efficient"
Visual evaluation of functional efficiency is important for the following reasons:
- It assesses the capacity of adaptation of the animal to perform a specific function in environments with limited,
- To corroborate already evaluated performance data. These data are usually based on the taking of information for a limited period, on the other hand, evaluation of functional efficiency as a whole allows to take into account behavior throughout his life.
- It allows the breeder to a balanced selection, avoiding extreme animals.
The cow with functional efficiency should wean a healthy calf every year and that the 7 months of age have between the 45 and 55% the weight of her mother. To do this and be able to impregnate you should keep your body condition above 3 points. Cows that have a tendency to keep his body State have power low costs being a heritable feature.
There are 5 Basic morphological aspects that are evaluated during the visual appreciation:
1) The skeleton, responsible for the profile of the animal as a whole,
2) Leather and hair, responsible for the appearance of the animal,
3) Deposition and distribution of fat,
4) Muscular development,
5) Behavior of the animal.
The fertile cow has the right proportion in all parts of your body:
1) It looks female:
– His face is stylized in the eye to the jaw line.
– The neck is smooth with visible creases.
– Soft pallet, lean or muscular.
– Neck clean, not filled with chest.
– Great body capacity. The greatest perimeter occurs at the level of the middle and posterior ribs view profile and corresponds to the part it wider view from behind. – Good chest perimeter.
– The Croup is long from the coxal tuberosity (the aitchbone) at the end of the bones (ischial tuberosity).
– Good separation between the tips of the bones.
– Good distance from the bones to the garron.
– Soft fur (hair medulado) and good color.
– Good development of the udder with good position and size of the nipples. The hair on the udder should be soft and short.
– Fine tail, well established and vertical.
2) Not great or extreme within the context of the race (Normal skeleton).
3) Their hair is soft and evenly, no harsh or hirsute hairs in the udder and along the top line.
4) Without clear muscle definition, muscles not prominent and long.
5) Without localized fat deposits.
6) Easy to use but exhibiting maternal instinct during breeding.
The appreciation of the functional efficiency ensures that:
– They are adapted to the environment.
– They are played by functionality.
– Are selected by means of a balanced process that ensures an effective population and therefore increases productivity.
Horst said the same thing in this way: "Productive adaptability", indicating a favorable for adaptability genetic combination, reproduction and production where fertility is used as a selection criterion for adaptability and reproductive ability.
The function of the rodeo is the reproduction (fertility) and not look attractive according to the standards of the show.
Fertile animals have their own label of beauty because they radiate femininity or masculinity when they are in "work clothes".
As for the measurements of summaries of parents should include relevant data to evaluate maternal skills, like for example:
– % from pregnancy to the first daughters of a certain Bull service. It is a direct measure of the sexual precocity, much more representative than scrotal circumference.
– Ease of delivery of the daughters of a certain Bull. Assesses the % delivery problems. It is a measure of greater utility than the weight at birth that it is an indirect way of evaluating it.
– Milk production: It should be emphasized that this fact may interfere with the ability of a cow to impregnate it. High milk yields decrease reserves body and therefore the State body to decrease the probability of becoming pregnant. Appropriate estimates values would be cows that do not exceed the 1000 litres of milk per lactation. Sr. John Crouch, a. TO. Association in dissertation at Argentine producers and our pastoral conditions recommended we use Bulls with no more than 12 lbs. milk from those published in the summary of parents USA.
– Height of the daughters of the father. It is important to find neutral or negative values of dep to not increase the cost of maintenance of the bellies.
– Stay at the rodeo: indicates percentage of daughters of a father determined to remain in a rodeo at the 6 years of age. It takes into account several factors, you shout descartes, In addition to the lack of pregnancy.
– Cow energy value ($IN), It evaluates the differences in terms of energy demanded by cow in relation to your requirements. Is expressed in $ dollars saved per cow per year, being values more the best high. TO. TO. Association has established in U$ S 200 the cost of feed per cow per year for different regions of breeding in that country. The average dep is of + 3,25. Varies from - 28 to + 56, is a difference between the extremes of U$ S 84 per cow in feed costs. This index takes into account the weight, height and milk production of the daughters of one certain parent with respect to another.
